Steering System-General Information

• Specifications
  • General Specifications
• Description And Operation
  • Steering System
    • Power Steering System Components
• Diagnosis And Testing
  • Steering System
    • Notes
    • Special Tool(s)
    • Principles of Operation
      • Variable Assist Power Steering (VAPS)
    • Inspection and Verification
    • Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
      • Air Suspension Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index
    • Steering System Symptom Definitions
      • Drift/Pull
      • Excessive Steering Wheel Play
      • Feedback
      • Hard Steering or Lack of Assist
      • Nibble
      • Poor Returnability/Sticky Steering
      • Shimmy
      • Wander
    • Symptom Chart
    • Pinpoint Tests
      • Pinpoint Test A: DTC C1445, Vehicle Speed Signal Circuit Failure
      • Pinpoint Test B: DTC 1897 - Steering VAPS Circuit Loop Failure
    • Component Tests
      • Steering Linkage
      • Pump Flow and Pressure Test
      • Turning Effort Test
      • Steering Gear Insulator
      • Steering Gear Valve
      • Tie-Rod Articulation Torque
• General Procedures
  • Power Steering System Flushing
  • Power Steering System Purging
  • Power Steering System Filling