Circuit Description

The three-way catalytic converter (TWC) reduces emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The catalyst within the converter promotes a chemical reaction, which oxidizes the HC and CO that are present in the exhaust gas. This process converts these chemicals into water vapor and carbon dioxide (CO2), and will reduce the NOx, by converting them into nitrogen. The catalytic converter also stores oxygen. The engine control module (ECM) monitors this process using heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) bank 1 sensor 2 and HO2S bank 2 sensor 2, located in the exhaust stream after the TWC. These sensors are referred to as the catalyst monitor sensors. The catalyst monitor sensors produce an output signal the ECM uses to indicate the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst. This determines the catalysts ability to effectively convert the exhaust emissions.

If the catalyst is functioning correctly, the HO2S bank 1 sensor 2 and HO2S bank 2 sensor 2 signals will be far less active than the signals that are produced by HO2S bank 1 sensor 1 and HO2S bank 2 sensor 1. This indicates that the TWC oxygen storage capacity is at an acceptable threshold. When the response time of the catalyst monitor sensors are close to that of the fuel control sensors, the ability of the catalyst to store oxygen may be below an acceptable threshold.

The ECM performs this diagnostic test at idle. When the conditions for running this DTC are met, the following occurs:

• The air-to-fuel ratio transitions from lean to rich.
• The air-to-fuel ratio transitions from rich to lean, opposite the first air-to-fuel ratio transition.
• The ECM captures the response time of the front and the rear HO2S when the air-to-fuel ratio transitions occur. The HO2S response time changes from less than 350 mV to more than 600 mV, and from more than 600 mV to less than 350 mV.
• The ECM measures the time necessary for the rear HO2S voltage to cross a reference lean-to-rich threshold, and the time necessary for the front HO2S voltage to cross the same lean-to-rich threshold. The difference between the front HO2S time and the rear HO2S time indicates the oxygen storage capacity of the catalyst. If the ECM detects that this time difference is less than a predetermined value, DTC P0420 for bank 1 or DTC P0430 for bank 2 sets.